Dentures & Artificial Teeth

A complete denture prosthesis (also called a full denture) is a custom-made, removable denture that replaces all natural missing teeth in an upper or lower jaw for patients who are completely edentulous (having lost all teeth in an arch). Complete dentures restore chewing function, speech, and facial appearance by supporting lips and cheeks, and they sit atop the gums, relying on the underlying oral tissues for retention and support. Complete dentures are made when there are no natural teeth remaining in a jaw, unlike partial dentures which are used when some teeth remain. Retention is achieved by a combination of suction, the close adaptation of the base to oral tissues, peripheral seal, and sometimes denture adhesives. Biting force is distributed through the denture base to the underlying mucosa and bone. Patients may require time to adapt to using complete dentures, especially older adults, as neuromuscular control and skill are needed for keeping them stable. Common indications include loss of all natural teeth due to caries, gum disease, trauma, or other reasons; inability to restore remaining teeth; and advanced bone loss or financial limitations prohibiting alternative treatments. Complete dentures consist of artificial teeth attached to an acrylic or resin denture base shaped to fit the contours of the patient's mouth. Modern complete dentures are primarily made from acrylic resin (PMMA), sometimes combined with metal for enhanced strength. Customization involves taking impressions, bite registration for proper alignment, and adjusting fit to individual needs. Digital technologies in recent years enhance precision, comfort, and aesthetics of complete dentures. With proper care, complete dentures typically last 7-10 years. Routine cleaning and periodic professional evaluation are necessary to maintain hygiene, fit, and function.